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Review

Tutorial: Extracting Unstructured Text Using Large Language Models

Oct 2026 · INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics · 0 citations · 21 references

Abstract

This tutorial shows how to build a two-stage pipeline in which a multimodal large language model reads each page as an image and a second model turns the extracted text into structured JSON. We cover the choices that make such pipelines reliable and affordable, including structured outputs, parameter control, task decomposition, cost-effective model selection, and validation against a human-verified ground truth.

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