Steady reservoir-mediated self-trapping of polariton condensates

Abstract

Nonequilibrium bosonic condensates of exciton-polaritons generated by tightly focused incoherent optical beams are typically expected to form a stationary ballistically expanding state with the notable exception of experimentally observed compact self-trapped states [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 047401 (2019)]. We show that the back-action of the condensate on the optically pumped excitonic reservoir via bosonic stimulated scattering can cause local reservoir depletion, producing a steady condensate confined in a self-induced potential trap. Notably, this self-trapped state is formed by persistent converging rather than radially expanding polariton currents and exists even below the conventionally defined condensation threshold. This state remains steady over nanosecond-scale times and is eventually ejected from the self-induced trap due to a bullet-type instability, enabling spiking neuromorphic dynamics in networks of polariton condensates.