From Catalysis to Containment: Integrating Efficiency and Storage in Green Hydrogen Technologies

Abstract

The global transition toward sustainable energy systems has positioned green hydrogen as a key pathway toward decarbonization. Yet, various technical, economic, and infrastructural barriers continue to limit its industrial feasibility compared to fossil fuel‐based pathways. While extensive research has focused on developing water electrolysis and storage pathways in isolation, the interdependence between production conditions and storage requirements remains underexplored. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the current green hydrogen landscape, highlighting recent developments in electrocatalysis and storage from an integrated perspective. Main findings reveal that novel earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for HER are advancing toward the superior activity of benchmark noble metals. However, storage pathways continue to face trade‐offs between energy density, safety, kinetics, and cost. More critically, this analysis has revealed how electrolyzer conditions affect the feasibility of downstream storage, through constraints associated with purification, compression, and thermal management. Ultimately, system‐level optimization that aligns production characteristics with storage requirements, supported by standardized policies and AI/ML‐based management, will be critical to realizing a robust green hydrogen economy.