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مقارنة المتغيرات البايو ميكانيكية لمهارة القلبة الهوائية الامامية المستقيمة مع لفتين على بساط الحركات الأرضية للاعبي المنتخب العراقي والإيراني Comparison of Biomechanical Variables of the Straight Front Somersault with Two Twists on the Floor Exercise between Iraqi and Iranian National Team Gymnasts

Aug 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Sports Performance and Training

Abstract

ملخص: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل ومقارنة المتغيرات البيوميكانيكية المرتبطة بأداء مهارة القلبة الهوائية الأمامية المستقيمة مع لفتين على بساط الحركات الأرضية بين لاعبي المنتخبين العراقي والإيراني في الجمناستك الفني، حيث اعتمد الباحث على المنهج الوصفي بأسلوبه المسحي، وتكونت العينة من (6) لاعبين من المنتخب العراقي ولاعب واحد من المنتخب الإيراني تم اختياره عمديًا وفق تصنيفات الاتحاد المختص، حيث تم استخدام تقنيات التحليل الحركي من خلال برمجيات (Kinovea) و(Tracker)، إضافة إلى جهاز قياس القوة (Dynafoot)، بهدف استخراج مجموعة من المتغيرات الكينماتيكية والكينيتكية مثل زوايا المفاصل، السرعة الزاوية، ارتفاع مركز الثقل، زمن الطيران، وقوى الدفع والاصطدام. وتمت معالجة البيانات إحصائيًا باستخدام الوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري واختبار (t-test) لبيان الفروق بين المجموعتين. وقد أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق واضحة في عدد من المتغيرات البيوميكانيكية بين لاعبي المنتخبين، خاصة في قوة الدفع، وزوايا المفاصل، وارتفاع مركز الثقل، حيث أظهر اللاعب الإيراني كفاءة أعلى في التحكم الحركي وتوليد القوة. في المقابل، لم تظهر بعض المتغيرات فروقًا ذات دلالة إحصائية، مما يعكس تقارب الأداء في بعض مراحل المهارة، كما استنتجت الدراسة أن المتغيرات البيوميكانيكية، ولا سيما قوة الدفع، وزوايا المفاصل، وارتفاع مركز الثقل، تعد محددات أساسية لجودة الأداء الفني في هذه المهارة. وأوصت بضرورة اعتماد التحليل البيوميكانيكي في تصميم البرامج التدريبية، والعمل على تصحيح الأخطاء الفنية وتحسين الكفاءة الحركية للاعبين. الكلمات المفتاحية: الجمناستك الفني؛ التحليل البيوميكانيكي؛ القلبة الهوائية الأمامية؛ المتغيرات الكينماتيكية؛ الأداء الحركي. Abstract: This study aimed to analyze and compare the biomechanical variables associated with the performance of the straight front somersault with two twists on the floor exercise between Iraqi and Iranian artistic gymnastics national team athletes. The descriptive survey method was adopted, and the sample consisted of six Iraqi national team gymnasts and one Iranian gymnast who was intentionally selected based on federation rankings. Motion analysis techniques were applied using Kinovea and Tracker software, in addition to the Dynafoot force measurement system, to extract key kinematic and kinetic variables, including joint angles, angular velocity, center of mass height, flight time, take-off force, and impact force. Data were statistically analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test to identify differences between the two groups. The results indicated clear differences between the two teams in several biomechanical variables, particularly take-off force, joint angles, and center of mass height, with the Iranian gymnast demonstrating superior biomechanical efficiency in force production and movement control. However, some variables showed no statistically significant differences, indicating similarity in certain phases of execution. The study concluded that biomechanical variables—especially take-off force, joint angles, and center of mass height—are critical determinants of performance quality in this skill. It recommends integrating biomechanical analysis into training programs to enhance performance efficiency and correct technical errors. Keywords: Artistic gymnastics; biomechanical analysis; front somersault; kinematic variables; motor performance.

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