Cost-effectiveness analysis of omeprazole for preventing esophageal stricture in patients with Zargar grade 2b and 3a corrosive esophageal injuries

Abstract

Background: Corrosive esophageal injury frequently results in esophageal stricture requiring repeated endoscopic dilatation and substantial healthcare expenditure. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of omeprazole plus standard treatment compared with standard treatment alone for preventing esophageal stricture in adult patients with Zargar grade 2b and 3a corrosive esophageal injuries. Methods: A trial-based economic evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial from the healthcare provider and patient perspectives. Twenty patients were randomized to receive either standard treatment alone (n = 10) or standard treatment plus omeprazole (n = 10). Direct medical costs were analyzed using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Deterministic one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation were performed. Results: The incidence of corrosive esophageal stricture was 20% (2/10) in the omeprazole group and 70% (7/10) in the standard treatment group (relative risk, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.08–1.05; Fisher’s exact test, P = .070). Omeprazole plus standard treatment reduced healthcare costs by THB 4642.30 per patient from the provider perspective and THB 5476.60 per patient from the patient perspective. The intervention remained the dominant strategy across all deterministic sensitivity analyses. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that 68.3% and 78.8% of simulations favored omeprazole from the provider and patient perspectives, respectively. Conclusion: Omeprazole plus standard treatment may represent a cost-effective strategy for adult patients with Zargar grade 2b and 3a corrosive esophageal injuries. However, these findings should be considered preliminary and require confirmation in larger multicenter randomized controlled trials.