18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Attenuates Pasteurella multocida-Induced Vascular Injury via Inhibition of PARP1/NF-κB p65 Nuclear Translocation

Abstract

Simple Summary Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is a bacterium that causes severe lung infections and injury to blood vessels in pigs, leading to significant economic losses. Current treatments rely mainly on antibiotics, but their overuse is driving the rise of drug resistance, so new alternatives are urgently needed. This study investigated whether 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a natural compound from liquorice, could protect against Pm-induced vascular inflammatory injury and explored how it works. In infected mice, GA reduced weight loss, improved blood parameters, and protected blood vessel structure. At the cellular level, GA blocked a specific protein (PARP1) inside the nucleus that would otherwise trigger an inflammatory pathway, thereby reducing inflammation and protecting blood vessels from injury. These findings suggest that GA can be developed as an alternative agent for treating Pm infections in pigs, providing a more sustainable strategy for pig production.