SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ISFARA RIVER

Abstract

The actuality of systematic research into the waterways of the Aral Sea basin is because population growth and food security necessitate the assessment and forecasting of water availability in various sectors of the economy, particularly agriculture. The water resources of the Isfara River are almost entirely used for irrigation of agricultural land in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Monitoring and accumulating the results of hy drological characteristics depending on meteorological conditions will make a significant contribution to the development of scenarios and forecasts and development of long-term plans for the development of the agri cultural sector of river basins. The article presents the results of monitoring the seasonal distribution of tem perature and precipitation in the Isfara River basin and their impact on the river's hydrological characteris tics. It has been established that the maximum amount of precipitation in the river basin is observed in spring. A comparative analysis of atmospheric precipitation and river flow in the Isfara River revealed that, with maximum atmospheric precipitation in spring, high river flow values are observed in the summer sea son, when temperatures reach high values.It is noted that the Isfara River basin covers areas ranging in alti tude from 400–800 m (valley section) to 1400–3000 m (high mountain section) above sea level and is cha racterised by an average annual precipitation of 120–150 mm. It has been found that over almost a century (1928–2024), the water flow of the Isfara River has not undergone significant changes, which is evidence of the degradation of the glaciation zone of its tributaries in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. It is assumed that the almost constant flow rate of the Isfara River during the period 1928–2024 indicates the existence of a stable connection between the river's tributaries and the glaciation zone. Based on the results of studies of the hydrology of the Pamir rivers (Vanch and Gunt), it is assumed that the river's supply from fragmentary for mations separated from the main glaciers, on the contrary, contributes to an increase in river flow.