Emergent non-Markovianity in time-delayed waveguide QED

Abstract

Quantum systems are invariably coupled to a surrounding environment. A common theoretical method to simplify the problem is to trace over the environment under a Markov approximation, which assumes that the environment holds no memory over the timescales that the system evolves under. In interacting many-body systems, it is often not trivial to extract which of the multiple collective timescales are relevant. We consider a time-delayed waveguide QED setup with a single excitation. By fixing the maximum propagation time and increasing the number of emitters, we show that, even for small delay times, collective effects are sufficient to cause non-Markovianity. The impact of memory is intrinsically state-dependent. For superradiant states, the relevant system timescale is the superradiant lifetime while the relevant bath timescale is the end-to-end delay time. For subradiant states, both timescales depend on the structure of the specific state. Our results demonstrate the importance of prudently making Markov approximations in quantum many-body systems, and highlight potential pitfalls to avoid in scaling up quantum devices to large system sizes.