Orchestrating High-Performance Quantum Applications in Distributed Environments

Abstract

Quantum computing is rapidly moving toward cloud-native, High-Performance Computing (HPC) models. However, current job submission systems rely on sequential, exclusive-use execution, causing severe resource under-utilization and excessive user wait times. This paper introduces QUDA (Quantum Unified Device Architecture), a distributed orchestration platform designed to solve this bottleneck by decoupling the control and execution planes. QUDA employs a master-worker hierarchy in the form of the Joint Unified Gateway (JUG) for global control and distributed Quantum Processor Schedulers (QuPS) for hardware-aware execution. By abstracting hardware complexity and leveraging OpenQASM 3.0, QUDA enables backend-agnostic portability across heterogeneous systems. We evaluate QUDA using W-state probes and combinatorial optimization benchmarks, demonstrating significant gains in system-wide throughput and qubit utilization over direct submission models. QUDA provides a scalable foundation for modern, distributed quantum workloads.