Agro-Morphological Characterization of Maize (Zea Mays) Accessions in Lamjung, Nepal
Abstract
Agro-morphological characterization of maize is a preliminary tool for identifying genetic diversity and documenting morphological differences. The study aimed to characterize and determine the genetic diversity of 20 local accessions based on 21 qualitative and 10 quantitative traits. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Lamjung Campus, using a complete randomized design with four replications. The frequency distribution for the qualitative traits highlighted high variability in silk and brace root anthocyanin coloration, kernel color, kernel row arrangement, uppermost ear shape, and kernel surface shape. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’) indicated the maximum diversity in kernel color (1.52) and the lowest diversity in stem color (0.46). Chi-square test showed that 5 qualitative traits exhibited significant variation: shape of the uppermost ear (14.8 **), stem color (9.8**), stay green (5*), tassel type (5*) and kernel color (11.2 *). These traits with significant variation are more under genetic control, serving as important phenotypic markers for distinguishing maize accessions and have potential for use in breeding programs. UPGMA clustering grouped accessions into four clusters based on quantitative traits with cluster II showing superiority. The significant variation among the maize confirms vast genetic diversity, emphasizing the usefulness of local collection in maize breeding program.