Farmacovigilância de contraceptivos orais combinados no SUS: análise dos efeitos adversos e riscos tromboembólicos, uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Combined oral contraceptives are used in reproductive planning and within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), but they may cause adverse effects and increase the risk of thromboembolic events. General Objective: To analyze the adverse effects and thromboembolic risks associated with the use of these contraceptives in the SUS, highlighting the importance of pharmacovigilance. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review guided by the PRISMA 2020 recommendations. Eight databases were searched for studies published between 2015 and 2026. Results and Discussion: A total of 150 records were identified and, after removal of duplicates, screening, and eligibility assessment, 45 studies were included. The findings demonstrated headache, nausea, menstrual changes, breast tenderness, and mood changes, as well as differences in thromboembolic risk according to hormonal formulation and individual factors. Pharmacovigilance proved relevant for safety monitoring, while pharmaceutical care contributed to guidance and risk identification. Final Considerations: Safety depends on individualized assessment, monitoring of risk factors, and strengthening pharmacovigilance and pharmaceutical care.