The Impact of Childbearing Behavior on the Quality of Life among Middle-aged and Older Adults

Abstract

Against the dual backdrop of population aging and adjustments in fertility policies, the impact of children's reproductive behaviors on the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly individuals has increasingly become a focal point of social concern. Based on data from the 2022 China Family Panel Survey (CFPS), this study systematically examines the effects of children's reproductive behaviors on the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly individuals and their underlying mechanisms, focusing on the perspectives of grandchild quantity and gender structure. The study reveals four key findings: First, childbearing behaviors significantly reduce quality of life among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Second, both increased numbers of grandchildren negatively impact their quality of life, though gender differences remain relatively minor as traditional patriarchal values have diminished in modern society. Third, childbearing behaviors exacerbate quality of life through heightened intergenerational caregiving burdens, while financial support from children effectively mitigates this adverse effect. Fourth, heterogeneous analysis indicates that the 45-59 age group often referred to as the "sandwich generation" and grandparents in single-child families experience more pronounced negative impacts. To address these challenges, it is imperative to establish a multi-tiered intergenerational care support system, refine intergenerational economic assistance policies, and implement differentiated family support strategies. This approach will facilitate coordinated development between fertility incentives and elderly welfare protection, thereby preventing families from being caught in the dual pressures of childbearing and elderly care.