Epidemiological characteristics of amoebiasis and giardiasis among the child population of the Russian Federation (2021–2024)
TL;DR
An uneven geographical distribution of parasitic disease cases was identified, with persistent foci forming in regions lacking adequate sanitation and municipal utility infrastructure and the need to strengthen laboratory diagnostics and water quality monitoring is substantiated.
Abstract
The purpose was to study the epidemiological situation regarding amoebiasis and giardiasis among the pediatric population of the Russian Federation during 2021–2024. Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted using data from the state reports "On the State of Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population in the Russian Federation" for 2021–2024, alongside a review of scientific literature on the research topic. Results. It was established that giardiasis is the predominant protozoal infection, accounting for 83.52% of all protozoal cases in 2024. The highest incidence rates of giardiasis are recorded in the 3–6 age group (3,286 cases per 100,000 population). In the Russian Federation, amoebiasis occurs sporadically, manifesting primarily as isolated cases, including among young children. Conclusion. An uneven geographical distribution of parasitic disease cases was identified, with persistent foci forming in regions lacking adequate sanitation and municipal utility infrastructure. The findings substantiate the need to strengthen laboratory diagnostics and water quality monitoring, given that water is a key transmission factor for the infection.