The role of intestinal microbiome in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease)

Abstract

This paper examines the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and discusses the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota can influence the brain. Particular attention is paid to the gut-brain axis as a key pathway for this communication. An analysis of the literature reveals that a persistent pathological process develops in Alzheimer's disease, characterized by a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria (Odoribacter, Anaerobacterium, Papillibacter) and an increase in certain taxa (Bifidobacterium, Sphingomonas, Blautia). Several of these changes correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment and the intensity of behavioral and psychological symptoms, suggesting that dysbiosis is a significant pathogenetic factor. Evidence indicates that bacterial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides, can affect blood-brain barrier permeability and accelerate β-amyloid aggregation. The paper also discusses the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted strategies, such as dietary interventions and the use of probiotics.