Island microgrid multi-energy complementary energy storage primary frequency regulation control method

Abstract

For hybrid microgrids integrating floating wave energy converters, distributed photovoltaic systems, and diesel generators in remote offshore island environments, the strong power coupling among multiple energy sources and significant random disturbances on both supply and load sides result in nonlinear frequency response and multiscale dynamic characteristics. Traditional single-control architectures struggle to achieve coordinated state-of-charge (SOC) management and precise power allocation across multiple energy storage units, often triggering frequency collapse or persistent frequency deviation. This paper proposes a primary frequency regulation control method for multi-energy complementary storage in island microgrids based on an improved vulture algorithm. Integrating the multi-energy complementary power generation structure of island microgrids, this method analyzes the response characteristics of multi-energy complementary storage systems and their participation in grid primary frequency regulation. Test results demonstrate that this method exhibits excellent adaptability across different solution set scales, with distributed results below 0.015 during optimization, enabling rapid convergence to high-quality solutions. Under various microgrid operating conditions, it maintains strong dynamic response capabilities, with primary frequency regulation time <10 minutes in all scenarios. Rapid primary frequency regulation control is achievable by considering the state of charge of the energy storage system. Post-control frequency deviation ranges between 0.003 and 0.014 Hz.