Barriers for lesbian women and gay men who desire children: data from a mixed qualitative and quantitative study in Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Non-heteronormative families, despite structural similarities to traditional models, face unique challenges such as discrimination and inadequate medical care. In assisted reproduction, barriers include limited access to inclusive clinics, insufficient provider training, and lack of insurance coverage for procedures. Objective: To explore the barriers faced by lesbian women and gay men in Brazil who wish to have children through assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods: This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted through an anonymous online survey in 2022. A total of 178 participants met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative responses were categorized into six themes: compliments, difficulties, positive experiences, societal prejudice, healthcare professional prejudice, and other personal accounts. Results: Financial difficulties were the most frequently reported barrier (36.5%), followed by societal prejudice (23.0%). Discrimination from healthcare professionals was noted by 5.6% of respondents. Despite these challenges, 15.1% shared positive ART experiences. Notably, male participants were more likely to express positive feedback than female participants (p=0.035). Conclusion: LGBT individuals in Brazil face significant barriers to ART, including financial constraints, misinformation, and discrimination. Addressing these obstacles is essential to ensuring equitable reproductive rights for this population.