Artisanal fisheries participation and household welfare: Evidence from Shiroro and Kainji Dam Communities, Nigeria

Abstract

Artisanal fisheries remain central to rural livelihoods in Nigeria, yet empirical evidence on their welfare effects is limited. This study examined the relationship between participation in artisanal fisheries and household welfare measured by income, food security, and employment among communities along Shiroro and Kainji dams. A multi-stage sampling technique selected 300 fishers from 50 villages. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and one-way ANOVA. Fishing activities were highly diversified: canoe fishing (89.3%), gill net fishing (85.3%), net mending (71.7%), and fish processing (69.3%), with households combining activities to enhance income and food access. Regression results showed that motorized boat use (β = 0.312), extension access (β = 0.320), credit access (β = 0.270), and fishing experience (β = 0.195) significantly influenced livelihood outcomes (p < 0.01). Improved technology adoption (β = 0.215), household size (β = 0.145), association membership (β = 0.155), and education (β = 0.120) were also significant (p < 0.05). ANOVA indicated significant welfare differences across participation levels (F = 12.47, p < 0.01), with mean income rising from ₦112,500 to ₦178,900, food security from 2.45 to 3.78, and employment from 1.8 to 3.5. Increased participation enhances household welfare.