Thermodynamic modeling and environmental effectiveness of a solar adsorption refrigeration unit for use in the Moscow region
Abstract
The increase in summer loads on the energy system is a serious problem due to the increasingly frequent and prolonged periods of abnormal heat. Massive activation of air conditioners creates peak loads on the power grid and can lead to power outages. In the context of the implementation of low-carbon development and energy neutrality strategies, the introduction of cooling technologies with minimal electricity consumption and minimal negative impact on the environment is required. The paper presents the results of thermodynamic modeling, energy and environmental analysis of an adsorption refrigeration machine (ADRM) powered by thermal energy from a solar vacuum tubular collector of the brand "I Solar-VU-20" with an absorption area of 1.7 m2 and using a silica gel–water working pair. Thermodynamic modeling was performed for the climatic conditions of the Moscow region based on the insolation data for 2023-2025. The adsorbent mass (20 kg), the thermal loads of the main components, and the energy efficiency of the solar cooling system are calculated. The conversion coefficient (COP – Coefficient of Performance) was 0.5. It is shown that for four summer months (May–August) The system saves 101.1 kg of conventional fuel and reduces emissions by 0.163 tons. The results obtained confirm the energy and environmental feasibility of using an adsorption refrigerating machine powered by solar energy. For remote settlements that are not connected to centralized power grids, as well as autonomous mini-grids, the introduction of ADRM becomes an alternative to diesel generators, which reduces dependence on expensive fuel delivery. Solar adsorption cooling technology is in demand for socially significant facilities (hospitals, pharmacies, medical and obstetric centers, food warehouses), where the reliability of cooling directly affects the safety of the population and the sustainability of infrastructure.