Compound Climate Extremes: Interactions, Emerging Urban Stressors, and Impacts on Water Quality

Microplastics and Emerging Contaminants Under Climate Change and Extreme Hydrological Events: A Nexus Perspective for Environmental Sustainability

This perspective examines the interactions among microplastics (MPs), emerging contaminants (ECs), climate change, and extreme hydrological events. Droughts, water scarcity, heatwaves, intense rainfall, and floods can alter the occurrence, mobilisation, transport, fate, and risks of MPs and associated ECs across water,...

Groundwater–Stream Connectivity Under Climate Change: Implications for the Ecology, Conservation and Sustainability of Urban Streams

Freshwater systems, including urban streams and groundwater, are increasingly affected by climate change through altered precipitation, rising temperatures, droughts, floods, and changing water demand. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on how these pressures modify groundwater–stream connectivity and the resul...

Climate and Human Impacts on Semi-Arid River Water Quality

Water quality degradation in river ecosystems is a growing global challenge, driven by both anthropogenic activities and climate change. The Kashafroud River in northeastern Iran is a critical water source for nearly two million people, yet it faces mounting pressures from rising temperatures (~1.5 °C over the past thr...

The Impacts of Extreme Drought and Wetness Legacy Effects on Ecosystem Services: A Systematic Review

Global Freshwater Degradation: Contaminant Dynamics, Ecotoxicological Risks, Public Health Disparities, and Advanced Engineering and Policy Frameworks

Freshwater security has become one of the defining systemic challenges of the Anthropocene. Although water covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface, freshwater represents only 2.5% of global reserves, with less than 1% readily accessible in lakes, river channels, and unconfined aquifers. Anthropogenic perturbations—...

A perspective and roadmap for emerging toxic flood hazards affecting ecosystems and society

Floods increasingly interact with anthropogenic pollution sources, remobilize legacy pollution, release emerging pollutants and harm critical infrastructure, transforming hydrologic extremes into compounding pollution disasters. Here we introduce the term ‘toxic floods’ to provide a perspective on emerging floods which...