Key Concepts Regarding the Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence: A Review

Abstract

This study presents a review of relevant literature on key concepts related to the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI). It explores the historical evolution, conceptual foundations, classifications, and ethical frameworks. Furthermore, it adopts the Responsible AI Framework, which emphasises fairness, accountability, transparency, and human-centred design as articulated by global institutions such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Education Scientific Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the European Commission. These frameworks were found to integrate ethical theory and policy and governance perspectives. Finally, the concepts reviewed provide the analytical foundation for understanding the ethical implications of AI in public policy decision-making, particularly within the Nigerian context.