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Genomics assisted breeding for mildew resistance in cucumber: from gene discovery to future innovations
This review highlighted the genetic resources, screening strategies, disease scoring systems, inheritance patterns, resistance-associated QTLs, molecular markers and candidate genes involved in cucumber mildew resistance, and discussed genome-assisted breeding approaches, including QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies, marker-assisted selection, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, transgenic approaches and high-throughput phenotyping tools for improving resistance breeding efficiency.
Integrating conventional breeding, biotechnology, and genome editing for herbicide-resistant rice: implications for sustainable development goals
Global population growth, climate variability, labour scarcity, and declining availability of arable land have intensified the demand for sustainable and resource-efficient weed management strategies in rice production systems. Herbicide-resistant (HR) rice has emerged as a transformative innovation capable of improving weed control efficiency, facilitating direct-seeded rice cultivation, reducing labour dependency, and enhancing yield stability under diverse agroecological conditions. This review critically examines the evolution of HR rice technologies, herbicide modes of action, resistance mechanisms, and integrated weed management approaches, with particular emphasis on the convergence of conventional breeding, biotechnology, and advanced genome editing platforms for the development of next-generation HR rice varieties. The review further explores the agronomic, ecological, and socio-economic dimensions associated with HR rice adoption, including challenges related to HR weed evolution, gene flow to wild and weedy rice relatives, biodiversity loss, ecological imbalance, and long-term sustainability concerns. The concept of the HR rice paradox is introduced to describe the delicate balance between agricultural intensification and ecological stewardship, where enhanced weed management efficiency must be aligned with environmental safety and sustainable farming practices. The review emphasizes that the future success of HR rice depends on integrated strategies combining genetic innovation, region-specific agronomic management, resistance monitoring, and policy frameworks to ensure sustainable rice production, food security, and environmentally responsible agricultural transformation aligned with global sustainability goals.
Genomics-Assisted Breeding for Drought Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Overall, transcription factors from the DREB, NAC, MYB, and WRKY families are still considered the primary regulatory targets, but CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing is now able to provide precise, multiplex gene modifications in polyploid wheat.
Exploiting the genetic diversity of cultivated strawberry for genomic dissection of leaf and fruit powdery mildew resistance
These findings uncover new QTLs for PM resistance in strawberry, including on fruit, and provide validated strategies for breeding disease-resistant cultivars.
Evaluation of Disease Resistance in Wheat Genotypes for Organic Farming Under Kazakhstan Conditions
Kazakhstan possesses considerable potential for the development of organic agriculture. In organic production systems, the use of chemical plant protection products is restricted or completely excluded, making the cultivation of genetically resistant wheat lines to major fungal diseases one of the most effective approaches for maintaining stable grain production. The current study aimed to evaluate disease resistance in wheat genotypes by integrating phenotypic screening and marker-assisted selection and their validation under organic farming conditions. A total of 50 facultative and introgressive wheat lines were evaluated under an artificial infection background for resistance to yellow rust, leaf rust, stem rust, and common bunt. Molecular marker analysis was performed to identify resistance-associated alleles. Integrated phenotypic and molecular analyses enabled the identification of three promising genotypes, namely 1675-52, 1723-32, and 1716-24. They combined a high level of resistance to yellow rust and common bunt with the presence of resistance-associated alleles. These selected genotypes were subsequently validated under organic field conditions. The results demonstrated that these lines maintained stable resistance to yellow rust and common bunt and produced seed yield ranging from 5.45 to 5.94 t/ha, exceeding that of the standard cv. Almaly (4.88 t/ha). The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of integrating phenotypic screening with marker-assisted selection for identifying wheat genotypes with complex disease resistance. These genotypes represent promising prebreeding resources for organic agriculture, subject to validation across a wider range of environments.
Unravelling trait-mediated effects of genotype and companion planting system on oilseed rape performance
Beyond its contribution to pest regulation and despite contrasting effects on plant traits throughout development, OSR-FB companion planting demonstrated agronomic viability by promoting OSR adaptive responses that maintained productivity under field conditions.