Defining the role and impact of the human factor in occupational safety

Abstract

Advancements in science and technology have enhanced productivity and workplace safety. However, human factors remain a significant element influencing occupational safety across industries. Errors associated with human factors can lead to severe accidents, material losses, production disruptions, and environmental damage. Although well acknowledged, the definition of human factors in the context of occupational safety remains variable. This study aims to explore how human factors are defined in occupational safety, their impact on safety outcomes, and their role in accident prevention. A literature review was conducted to define human factors in workplace safety. Sources were identified through Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using keywords such as "human factors", "workplace safety", and "accident prevention". The review provides an overview of the definitions of human factors and their impact on occupational safety. The study proposes a model illustrating how human factors interact across organisational levels to influence safety outcomes, with investigation serving as a critical feedback mechanism for organisational learning. The findings point out the need for a unified definition of human factors and their consistent integration into safety management and investigation practices.