Ferroptosis-Driven Inflammaging in Age-Associated Degenerative Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products.

Abstract

Persistent low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and disturbance of cellular homeostasis are all connected with ageing and can lead to the development of age-related diseases. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent type of controlled cell death, has been linked to these processes more and more. It may represent a key connection between inflammation, oxidative damage, and tissue failure as people age. With a focus on neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal problems, this study explores the new idea of a ferroptosis-inflammaging axis and its role in age-associated degenerative disorders. The review addresses the data supporting ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target and summarises the current understanding on the relationship between ferroptosis and the main biological processes linked to ageing. Natural products are given particular attention as possible ferroptosis modulators, emphasizing their therapeutic significance and the growing data from experimental models. Additionally included are the translational difficulties related to ferroptosis-targeted therapies, such as the lack of clinical validation, the development of biomarkers, pharmacokinetic issues, and disease-specific treatment approaches. All things considered, comprehending the ferroptosis-inflammaging axis may offer a foundation for discovering cutting-edge therapeutic strategies to delay tissue dysfunction and enhance healthy ageing.