Soil heavy metal (HM) contamination is a widespread and serious environmental challenge. Even after treatment, contaminated soil may still pose a risk of secondary metal release under complex environmental conditions. In this study, a novel solidifying agent, a diatomaceous earth–fly ash-based geopolymer (D-FA), wa...
Wastewater treatment plants are increasingly transitioning toward resource recovery, with sewage sludge considered a potential feedstock for soil amendments. However, concerns regarding heavy metal content, bioavailability, and long-term environmental risk remain key barriers. This study evaluates hydrochars derived...
Lead [Pb(II)] contamination poses a significant environmental concern due to its detrimental effects on soil physicochemical (i.e., physical and chemical) properties and structural stability. This issue is further exacerbated by freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles, which accelerate the migration and redistribution of heavy me...
In accordance with the Circular Economy, the metallurgical solid wastes are considered secondary resources of many heavy metals, such as lead, zinc, iron, cadmium, thallium, and others. To separate valuable and toxic metals, numerous processes, among them solid–liquid extraction, have been studied in recent years. In l...
Hazardous fly ash (HFA) contains large amounts of toxic heavy metals and poses significant potential risks to the environment. In this study, HFA was co-melted with hazardous bottom ash (HBA) and waste glass (WG) in a plasma system to investigate its vitrification behavior, heavy metal migration, and solidification mec...
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