Structural optimization of magnetorheological devices: a state-of-the-art review
Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) materials enable a wide range of smart devices, yet their structural design is constrained by a multi-objective conflict between high performance, compact size, and low energy consumption. Therefore, this review article systematically synthesizes recent advancements in the structural and geometric optimization of MR devices. A general framework for formulating these design challenges is first established, outlining the critical roles of design variables, objectives, and constraints. The core of this review article then presents a comprehensive analysis organized by device category, where optimization strategies for dampers, valves, brakes, clutches, actuators, mounts, absorbers, seals, and other specialized devices are critically examined. Subsequently, a wide spectrum of optimization algorithms are compared and evaluated for their effectiveness in handling the associated nonlinear, multiphysics problems. The following discussion further addresses advanced considerations in MR device optimization. Finally, key findings are consolidated, and future research perspectives are outlined, cementing the role of sophisticated optimization as essential for developing next-generation MR technologies.