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Convexity Properties of Some Implicit Functions

2001 · Journal of Convex Analysis · 1 citation · 1 references

Abstract

<jats:p> We consider implicit functions y = y(x) defined by a system of equations <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math notation="LaTeX">G_i(x,y) = 0</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo separator="true">,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> , i=1,...,m. In the case of convex differentiable functions <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math notation="LaTeX">G_i</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> we establish some sufficient conditions under which the component function <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math notation="LaTeX">y_k(x)</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> is convex or concave. Examples show that without these assumptions <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math notation="LaTeX">y_k(x)</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> can be nonconvex and nonconcave. For the special case with additive separated convex functions <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math notation="LaTeX">G_i(x,y) = g_i(x) + h_i(y)</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo separator="true">,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> additional results concerning the gradient vectors of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math notation="LaTeX">g_i</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math notation="LaTeX">h_i</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> are obtained which can be applied to the differentiable continuation of convex marginal functions in parametric optimization. </jats:p>

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