Effectiveness of using complex amino acid biostimulators in grain cultivation for food and agricultural purposes (review)

Abstract

The decrease in the yield of strategically important agricultural crops such as corn, spring wheat, and spring barley under modern cultivation conditions is largely due to the progressive degradation of soil fertility and the increased impact of abiotic stressors. To restore soil potential and maintain an optimal nutrient balance in the "soil-plant" system, comprehensive fertilization methods are being actively implemented in advanced agronomic practice. A special place among them is occupied by innovative biological products based on free L-amino acids in combination with macro- and microelements. This approach demonstrates high physiological and economic efficiency, being one of the most promising vectors for the development of the modern agro-industrial complex (AIC). In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the use of amino acid growth stimulants, which not only level the consequences of stress in plants but also contribute to unlocking their genetic potential, improving the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the crop. The economic feasibility of integrating both natural and synthesized growth stimulants is confirmed by a high profitability ratio: the expected profit from the yield increase is many times higher than the operational costs of purchasing the preparations. This article systematizes and analyzes the results of long-term experimental studies by Russian scientists. The effect of amino acid biopreparations (Teknokel Amino, Aminocat, Intermag Profi, etc.) on the ontogenesis, photosynthetic activity, and productivity of corn hybrids and cereal crops grown in various soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation is considered. Meta-analysis of the data allows us to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of biopreparations and recommend them for widespread implementation in resource-saving farming technologies.