Nanoscale Digital Logic with Chemical Reactions

Abstract

Microfluidic logic systems have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional electronic implementations by offering compatibility with chemical and biological environments where electronic circuits cannot easily operate. Motivated by the need for compact and low-power logic elements that function directly within fluid-based systems, this paper explores the use of microfluidic channels and chemical reactions to model binary logic. This paper presents the design and simulation of a complete set of fundamental logic gates—including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and a combined AND-OR architecture—implemented using minimalist microfluidic geometries and low molecule counts. The proposed designs are demonstrated to clearly distinguish logic-HIGH and logic-LOW outputs. The results demonstrate consistent gate behavior across all tested input combinations and show that careful system design can achieve distinguishable output signals. These findings suggest that there is a strong potential for scalable reaction-based logic circuits in nanoscale fluid environments.