Energy stability and error estimates for a second-order structure-preserving exponential integrator method for smectic-A liquid crystals

Abstract

In this work, we develop a second-order, linear, decoupled, and structure-preserving numerical scheme for the modified Landau--de Gennes model of smectic-A (SmA) liquid crystals. The main contributions are threefold. First, to the best of our knowledge, we propose the first integration of the generalized scalar auxiliary variable (GSAV) approach with a second-order exponential time-differencing Runge--Kutta (ETDRK2) discretization, leading to a second-order GSAV--ETD2 scheme. Second, we prove that the proposed scheme satisfies an unconditional energy-dissipation law, thereby closing the theoretical gap in the energy-stability analysis of second-order GSAV exponential integrators of this class. Third, by deriving a coercive discrete reformulation, we establish a fully discrete error estimate without imposing any coupling condition between $\tau$ and $h$, achieving the optimal convergence rate $\mathcal{O}(\tau^2+h^2)$. Numerical experiments are presented to verify our theoretical results and to simulate the self-assembly dynamics of the SmA phase.