Wireless Charging Technology for New Energy Electric Vehicles Based on Electromagnetic Principles

Abstract

: With the rapid development of new energy electric vehicles, the deficiency of conventional wired charging in aspects of convenience, safety and intelligence has increasingly become apparent. Thus, wireless charging as an emerging energy transmission approach has become a research focus in the transportation energy systems. Systems based on electromagnetic induction as well as magnetic resonance coupling facilitate non-contact power transfer that ensures charging safety and automation. This research presents an operating mechanism of both approaches, evaluates performance efficiency, transfer distance, and misalignment tolerance, and investigates the effects of coil spacing, frequency, and coupling coefficient on transmission stability. The main approach of enhancing the overall performance is the coil design, material optimization, and electromagnetic shielding together with LC/S compensation topology and power conversion schemes adopting wide-band gap devices. Not only this, incorporation of renewable energy sources as well as multiple sources management are also considered. The hurdles are mentioned for distance, inefficiency, electromagnetic compatibility, and cost which are being addressed and the future direction of long-distance, high efficiency, intelligent dynamic charging, and low exposure electromagnetic systems are also discussed, providing theoretical and technical reference for engineering application.