Cosine-Transform-Based Frequency-Estimation Algorithm (CTB-FEA) with Distributed MIMO Radar Systems for Multi-User Localization

Abstract

This paper presents a novel cosine-transform-based frequency estimation algorithm (CTB-FEA) designed for high precision multi-user localization using a 5.8-GHz distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) continuous-wave (CW) radar system. The proposed CTB-FEA combines the cosine transform (CT) with frequency-domain correction to estimate amplitude, frequency, and phase. The extracted phase information is then used to utilize the FEA to improve Doppler separation and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of multiple subjects, enabling multi-user localization without occupying additional bandwidth. Experimental results in an indoor environment demonstrate that the proposed system significantly improves multi-user separability, particularly in side-by-side scenarios. Even at close proximity, the system yields a frequency error of 0.01 Hz, a DOA estimation error of 1.27 degree and a radial distance error of 7 cm.