Digital Technologies in Prosthetic Dentistry: Current Trends, Clinical Applications and Future Directions - A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: The integration of digital technologies in prosthetic dentistry has precipitated a transformative shift from empirical craftsmanship to precision-driven, data-informed clinical practice. Despite rapid technological proliferation, a consolidated, clinically oriented synthesis of these advances remains needed.  Objective: This narrative review critically evaluates the current landscape of digital prosthetic dentistry, encompassing intraoral scanning (IOS), Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), subtractive and additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence (AI), and emerging augmented reality (AR) platforms.  Methods: This narrative review discusses peer-reviewed research on intraoral scanning, CAD/CAM, additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and guided implant surgery. The cited literature was checked against publisher or PubMed records; findings are described according to the populations and methods studied.  Results: Intraoral scanning can improve patient comfort and support efficient fixed prosthodontic workflows, although accuracy depends on indication and scan extent. Digital complete dentures show clinically acceptable adaptation in many laboratory studies, while guided implant surgery has measurable deviations between planned and placed implants. Evidence for AI and newer printable materials remains heterogeneous (Ahlholm et al., 2018; Mangano et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2021; Tahmaseb et al., 2018; Schwendicke et al., 2020).  Conclusion: The convergence of AI, additive manufacturing, and augmented reality represents the proximate frontier in personalised dental rehabilitation. Strategic investment in hybrid fabrication infrastructure, standardised curricula reform, and robust longitudinal outcome data is urgently required to guide evidence-based adoption.