Changes in the microbiological activity of ordinary chernozem using agrobiotechnology

Abstract

Purpose: to study the microbiological activity of typical chernozem using by-products of agricultural crops in a grain-row crop rotation as a fertilizer with microbiological preparations based on Trichoderma and Lactobacillus, ammonium nitrate and lime. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in a field scientific and production experiment (2022–2025) in the Kursk region in a grain-row crop rotation: corn – buckwheat – winter wheat – peas. The object of the study is typical low-humus, slightly eroded, heavy loamy chernozem on carbonate loess-like loam. Results. The highest intensity of development of the amylolytic group of microorganisms was observed in the crop seadling phase with the application of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as in combination with inoculants – 41.8 % and 39.5 % higher than the control. The harvesting phase was characterized by the highest activity of ammonifiers with the application of microbiological preparations with nitrogen fertilizers and lime, the control exceeds by 70.0 % and 98.3 %. An increase in the biogenicity of typical chernozem was noted in the seadling (leaf-tube formation) phase compared to the harvesting phase by 26.8–67.4 %, depending on the experimental variant. An increase in the number of micromycetes on average over the crop rotation was detected in the seadling phase; it exceeded those in the harvesting phase by 2.1–45.7 %. The highest mineralization coefficient in the seadling (leaf-tube formation) phase was observed with the application of mineral nitrogen with biopreparations – 2.8. An increase in the transformation coefficient was noted with the use of microbiological preparations with lime in the seadling and harvesting phases; it was 16.7 and 20. Conclusions. The use of biopreparations with mineral nitrogen and in combination with lime contributed to the improvement of the microbiological state of the soil on average over the grain-row crop rotation, while the integral indicator of the biological state exceeded the control by 43.3 and 41.7 % in the seadling phase and by 37.0 % during the harvesting period.