Postharvest Quality of Chamomile (Matricaria Recutita l.) Under the Application of Biostimulants and Organic Amendments

Abstract

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) is a medicinal plant in high demand, yet yields in Cuba remain insufficient. This study evaluated the effect of biostimulants and organic amendments on postharvest quality. The trial utilized a completely randomized design with eight treatments: a control, earthworm humus, Quitomax®, Viusid Agro®, Renplus, and various combinations thereof. Yield was estimated, and water activity, moisture content, color, and flower weight were determined both before and after drying. Subsequently, fluid extracts were obtained via percolation from the flowers and dried foliage of the best-performing treatment. The humus + Quitomax® combination stood out for increasing yield and promoting the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Drying reduced water activity to safe levels, though variations were observed depending on the treatment. The humus + Viusid Agro® variant exhibited the greatest darkening. The extracts showed a slightly acidic to neutral pH and soluble solid levels consistent with hydroalcoholic extracts. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and coumarins in the flowers, with differences noted in the foliage. Prolonged percolation led to pigment degradation and phenol oxidation.