The Moderating Role of Adversity Quotient in the Effects of Burnout, Non-Physical Work Environment, and Work Motivation on Turnover Intention

Abstract

Labor dynamics in business units managed by BUPDA (Badan Usaha Desa Adat or Traditional Village Business Entity)  Batur, Kintamani, Bali indicate a risk of turnover intention that may disrupt service stability and organizational sustainability. This study examines the effects of burnout, the non-physical work environment, and work motivation on turnover intention and investigates adversity quotient (AQ) as a moderating variable. This study employed an explanatory quantitative design with a cross-sectional survey approach, data were collected from 161 BUPDA employees through a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 4. The findings show that burnout increases turnover intention, whereas a supportive non-physical work environment and stronger work motivation reduce it. AQ buffers the adverse effect of burnout; however, it weakens the turnover-reducing effects of the non-physical work environment and work motivation. These results indicate that AQ functions as a dual-role personal resource: it helps employees withstand work pressure while potentially increasing their confidence to pursue alternative employment. The study contributes by integrating job demands, psychosocial work resources, motivation, and personal resilience in a community-based traditional village enterprise. Practically, BUPDA should combine burnout prevention, a supportive psychosocial climate, motivational practices, and differentiated retention strategies based on employees.