ANTHROPOZOONOTIC DISEASES, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT METHODS

Abstract

Anthropozoonoses are a group of infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans and of significant epidemiological and social importance for both human and animal health. The causative agents of these diseases can be various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and helminths. Wild, semi-wild and domestic animals play an important reservoir role in the spread of zoonotic infections. Depending on the characteristics of the pathogen and the direction of transmission, zoonoses are divided into bacterial, viral, mycotic and helminthic groups, as well as amphixenosis, anthropozoonosis and zooanthroponoses. Human infection with anthropozoonoses occurs mainly as a result of direct contact with sick or carrier animals, contact with biological materials during veterinary and diagnostic examinations, examination of sick animal carcasses, as well as the use of infected food and other products of animal origin. Diseases such as brucellosis, tuberculosis, anthrax, listeriosis and rabies are important examples of anthropozoonoses. In the prevention of these diseases, identification of sources of infection among animals, epidemiological surveillance, early diagnosis, and prevention of the chain of infection between humans and animals are of great importance.