Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage for PV System (High-Power DC Microgrid)

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly used in high-power applications due to their ability to generate clean electricity from sunlight. When integrated into DC microgrids, PV systems can improve efficiency and reduce power conversion losses. However, fluctuations in solar irradiance and household load demand can affect power stability and DC bus voltage regulation. Conventional Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) provide long-term energy support but are limited by slow dynamic response and battery degradation under frequent charge-discharge cycles. This work investigates a Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) integrated into a high-power PV-based DC microgrid using a Parallel Semi-Active topology. A MATLAB/Simulink model was developed to evaluate system performance under varying load demand and solar irradiance conditions based on DC bus voltage stability, response time, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. The results show that the proposed HESS improves voltage regulation and response time to reach steady-state conditions while achieving an average efficiency of 83.62% over 26 hours of operation. In addition, the configuration offers a cost-effective solution compared to the typical HESS for enhancing the reliability and sustainability of high-power DC microgrids.