Pseudo-Gregory Shaping Exegesis through aporiae, Hierarchy, and Porphyry’s Criticisms of Scripture: Michael Psellos on Job 1:6 (Th. I.32 Gautier)

Abstract

Abstract This article analyzes Michael Psellos’ interpretation of Job 1:6 (Th. I.32 Gautier), focusing on his exegetical strategy in addressing the paradox of Satan’s presence before God. It shows that Psellos seeks to clarify the slanderer’s position within the hierarchy of being, primarily drawing on pseudo-Dionysios’ conception of celestial order. In doing so, Psellos elaborates on the roles of angels and demons, emphasizing how Satan’s fall from grace fits into the broader cosmic structure. Additionally, the article explores Psellos’ nominal reference to Porphyry and, in relation to it, the philosophical argument against Job 1:6 grounded in the Platonic understanding of incorporeal entities as opposed to bodies and spatiality. Notably, this reference has not been included or discussed in any edition of the Contra Christianos, whether as a testimony, fragment, or allusion to Porphyry’s reaction to Scripture. The paper shows that the argument presented by Psellos as “a foolish offspring of Porphyry’s delusion” is consistent with Porphyry’s critique of Christianity as well as with his overall theological and cosmological system.