The Role of Academic Libraries in E-Learning Ecosystems in Higher Education: A Narrative Review

Abstract

As higher education continues its shift toward digitally mediated instruction, academic libraries have undergone a profound transformation, moving from traditional custodians of print collections to dynamic partners in e-learning. This narrative review explores the evolving contributions of academic libraries to the development and sustainability of online learning ecosystems, guided by Connectivist Learning Theory (Siemens, 2005). Drawing on peer-reviewed literature, institutional case studies, and policy documents published between 2013 and 2024, the review synthesizes emerging practices and conceptual frameworks that define the library's role in digital education. Findings reveal that libraries now play multifaceted roles: curating digital resources, embedding services into Learning Management Systems (LMS), delivering virtual information literacy instruction, and collaborating with faculty on course design. Libraries also lead in initiatives such as Open Educational Resources (OER), personalized learning support, and digital scholarship. However, persistent challenges including inadequate digital infrastructure, limited staff capacity, and marginalization in institutional strategy constrain broader impact. By organizing these developments thematically and theoretically, this review offers a comprehensive lens on how libraries are reshaping their identities within higher education. It reinforces the need for strategic investment, cross-departmental integration, and further research to fully leverage libraries as critical enablers of inclusive and sustainable digital learning.