Investigations of MHD Heat Transfer Flow via an Inclined Surface With the Impact of the Thermal Radiation and Heat Source/Sink

Abstract

This study aims to develop and evaluate a mathematical model for steady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat- and mass-transfer magnetofluid flow over an inclined plate, accounting for thermal radiation, an internal heat source, and Soret (thermo-diffusion) effects, for an ocean MHD energy converter, after the Correction Investigation. The main aim is to quantify the effects of the dominant thermophysical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and salinity (concentration) fields, as well as the engineering parameters of skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers. The governing boundary-layer equations for continuity, momentum, energy, and species concentration are transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via appropriate similarity transformations. The resulting two-point boundary value problem is characterized by the magnetic, thermal Grashof, Prandtl (and modified Prandtl), heat-source, Soret, radiation, and plate-angle parameters. It is solved numerically using a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method and a shooting method. The results quantitatively show that increasing the magnetic parameter causes a notable reduction in velocity, whereas the concentration profiles increase. For high thermal radiation, an increase in velocity was observed, particularly at an inclination of 120°, as well as an increase in the thermal boundary-layer thickness. An increase in the Prandtl number diminishes both the velocity and temperature distributions, whereas increased heat generation strengthens the temperature and concentration fields. This illustrates the response of transport phenomena to magnetic and thermal effects and their coupling. The model can be applied directly to ocean MHD power generators, other thermal management systems, marine energy devices, and industrial heat exchangers, where radiation and magnetoconvection are of primary importance.