Digitalization of the genotypic and phenotypic information retained within the FEM grapevine germplasm bank

Abstract

The Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) maintains a grapevine germplasm bank consisting of 3,065 grapevine accessions that supports long-term conservation and utilisation of crop genetic diversity. In addition to acquisitions, the germplasm includes advanced crossbreeding selections developed to improve grape quality and introgress tolerance and resistance traits. This objective highlights the importance of verifying accession identity through standardized molecular profiles, complemented by ampelographic characterization when necessary. A systematic inventory of the germplasm was undertaken and a comprehensive ontologization of all accession-related data and metadata was carried out in the context of FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) compliance. This overarching survey led to the published FEMVitisDataset encompassing 2,905 accessions, resulting in the identification of 1,931 unique profiles. Of these, 915 were classified as novel, as no exact or near-exact genetic match was found across the consulted reference databases. By providing accession-level passport data, validated SSR profiles, and associated phenotypic information, the FEMVitisDataset expands the documentation of grapevine diversity and represents a valuable resource for germplasm management, genetic studies, and modern breeding programs integrating molecular and phenotypic information.