Peran Dewan Pendidikan dalam Demokrasi Tata Kelola Pendidikan: Partisipasi, Akuntabilitas, dan Kapasitas Kelembagaan

Abstract

The Education Council holds a strategic position as an institutional mechanism for public participation in educational governance, particularly through its advisory, supporting, monitoring, and mediating functions. However, its formal mandate has not consistently translated into substantive influence on educational policy. This article analyzes the role of the Education Council in promoting participatory and accountable educational governance, with particular attention to public participation, civic engagement, and institutional capacity. The study employs a qualitative approach using an integrative literature review, policy document analysis, and synthesis of secondary case studies drawn from previous research. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis by identifying recurring themes related to institutional functions, participatory governance, structural and cultural barriers, stakeholder relations, and public accountability. The analysis indicates that the effectiveness of the Education Council is constrained by limited authority and budgets, weak coordination, inadequate public outreach, a top-down bureaucratic culture, and insufficient institutional capacity. As a result, public participation often remains symbolic or consultative rather than substantive. Strengthening regulatory support, institutional capacity, public visibility, follow-up mechanisms for recommendations, and collaborative governance is therefore necessary to enhance the Council’s contribution to accountability, educational quality, and public trust.