Detection of Multiple Sclerosis by some immunological Markers in Iraqi Patients
Abstract
Introduction: The multiple sclerosis one serious problem in community and difficult dealing with patients, study aimed to determination of Multiple sclerosis in Iraqi s community detection MS immunological techniques and study accuracy of different diagnostic samples for this disorder.Methods: This study was conducted from June 2024 in Karbala at Al-Husseini Hospital to December 2024 and employed a case-control design. Blood, stool, and sputum samples were collected from male and female patients and controls from 160 participants ,80 sample from 52 female and 28 male patients and 80 sample from healthy(controls). Data analysis involved using t-tests and ANOVA to compare changes within and between the groups.Results: The results indicate that IL-5 levels were elevated in the blood samples of multiple sclerosis patients, with a mean concentration of 232.8307 pg/ml, compared to 204.6637 pg/ml in healthy individuals. The findings also show that IL-5 in blood was higher than in sputum and stool samples, Regarding IL-5 positivity and negativity. In sputum samples, negative results were higher at 61.25%, while positive results accounted for 38.75%, In the control group, 58.75% of the samples were positive, while 41.25% were negative. The IFN-γ results in blood samples from healthy individuals showed 45% positive and 55% negative cases. In contrast, blood samples from multiple sclerosis patients recorded a slightly higher positivity rate at 51.25%, compared to 48.75% negative .For stool samples from MS patients, the positivity rate was markedly elevated at 81.25%, while negative cases were 18.75%, in sputum samples, the pattern was reversed, with 70% negative and 30% positive results. The GFAP results showed that blood samples from both healthy individuals and multiple sclerosis patients were identical in distribution, with 68.75% positive and 31.25% negative cases, In stool samples, the negative results were dominant at 80%, while positive results were 20%,In sputum samples, 72.50% were negative, whereas 27.50% were positive. Conclusion: The discoveries showed that multiple sclerosis patients' blood, stool, and sputum samples all included IL-5, IFN-γ, and GFAP, which were found in both genders and various age groups. Overall, sputum and blood had larger levels of IL-5, while stool and blood had higher levels of IFN-γ, GFAP, on the other hand, had its highest expression in sputum and blood samples