Silkworm Sericin: A Novel Biopolymer with Multifaceted Applications

Abstract

Sericulture is an important agro-based enterprise that supports rural livelihoods, with silk valued for its superior physicochemical properties. Silk fibres consist mainly of fibroin and sericin, the latter being removed during degumming and often discarded as industrial waste, contributing to environmental pollution. Recent research, however, recognizes sericin as a valuable natural biopolymer with notable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and multifunctional properties. Structurally, it is a hydrophilic protein rich in polar amino acids, enabling diverse functional interactions. Its characteristics are influenced by extraction and purification methods, including chemical, thermal, biological, and emerging green techniques. Sericin has broad applications in biomedical, food, cosmetic, textile, and environmental sectors, including wound healing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, food packaging and skin care products. Despite its potential, challenges such as variability in extraction, limited mechanical strength, and scalability persist. This review summarizes its structure, properties, extraction methods, multidomain applications, and associated limitations, showcasing its potential role in sustainable and value-added utilization.