Pengaruh Suku Bunga, Risiko Kredit, dan Likuiditas terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Digital dengan Pertumbuhan Kredit sebagai Variabel Moderasi Tahun 2021–2024

Abstract

The development of digital banks in Indonesia has not yet been fully accompanied by an adequate understanding of the variables that determine their profitability. This study is designed to examine the extent to which interest rates, credit risk, and liquidity influence the profitability of digital banks, while also evaluating the role of credit growth as a moderating variable in this relationship. A quantitative approach using panel-based secondary data was employed, sourced from the quarterly financial reports of five digital banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the 2021–2024 period. The results indicate that interest rates and liquidity have a significant positive effect, while credit risk does not. Credit growth moderates this relationship by weakening the impact of interest rates, mitigating the negative effects of credit risk, and strengthening the influence of liquidity. These findings confirm that the management of liquidity, interest rates, and credit expansion are strategic factors in enhancing the profitability of digital banks.