Response-guided knockoffs for directional FDR control in linear models

Abstract

We consider the problem of feature selection in linear models with finite-sample control of the false discovery rate (FDR). While existing knockoff-based methods control the directional FDR, which penalises incorrect sign estimates, they do not target discoveries in a pre-specified direction, and their knockoff constructions are entirely response-agnostic. We introduce the response-guided knockoff filter, which leverages a noise-perturbed version of the response to guide knockoff construction toward features likely to have the target sign, while provably controlling the directional FDR. The method operates under a weaker sample-size requirement $n>p + 2$, compared to $n \geq 2p$ required by existing fixed-X generators. Simulations and HIV drug resistance experiments demonstrate power gains over existing methods.