User-Centered Design (UCD) and graphic novel approach to fostering LGBTQ+ understanding in Thailand

Abstract

This research investigates discrimination arising from limited knowledge and understanding of LGBTQ+ people within families, schools, and workplaces in Thailand. The aim of this study is to design, develop, and evaluate an illustrated e-book that effectively addresses gender equality concerns among young adults aged 18–24 in Thai society. The researchers applied a User-Centered Design (UCD) framework, taking user needs and goals into consideration throughout the development process. This research adopts graphic novels as instructional tools to design educational materials that promote positive attitudes toward LGBTQ+ people. A three-phase mixed-methods approach, aligned with UCD principles, was used. The study recruited 10 members of the target audience and nine LGBTQ+ people to identify user interests and preferences, developed an illustrated e-book based on their insights, and then quantitatively evaluated it through a survey of 100 young adults. Participants rated the e-book positively, reporting mean scores of 4.61/5 for design, 4.52/5 for layout and typography, and 4.53/5 for content. Furthermore, 97% of participants reported a better understanding of the LGBTQ+ community and indicated that they would recommend the e-book to others. This research contributes to existing scholarship by developing an illustrated e-book for LGBTQ+ education in Thailand that targets young adults through UCD. The design process, which involved members of the LGBTQ+ community, demonstrates how user engagement can help address sensitive social issues.