Bilosomes: A specialized bile salt based nanocarrier drug delivery system in cancer therapy

Abstract

Over the past several years, advances in nanotechnology have given rise to diverse nanocarrier systems tailored for site specific drug delivery. Among these, bilosomes a bile salt stabilized vesicles have emerged as a superior alternative to conventional liposomes and niosomes. This review explores the structural advantages of bilosomes, specifically their enhanced stability within the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) milieu, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and superior mucosal permeability, which collectively enhance the bioavailability of lipophilic and poorly permeable drug therapeutics. A comparative analysis of bilosomal structure relative to liposomal and niosomal frameworks is provided, highlighting the role of various bile salts in modulating vesicle elasticity and drug absorption. The discussion further extends to the preparation methods employed in bilosome formulation and their applications in targeted oncology, evaluating their efficacy in treating breast, skin, lung and liver cancers. Through a synthesis of contemporary case studies, this review examines the mechanistic pathways underlying bilosomes mediated anticancer therapy, while critically assessing their advantages, inherent limitations, and regulatory considerations. Graphical representations are included to illustrate current concepts in bilosomal delivery, offering a comprehensive roadmap for future research in targeted nanomedicine Keywords: Bilosomes, Nanocarrier, drug delivery system, cancer.