Export competitiveness of agricultural and processing enterprises in the context of redistribution of global commodity flows and changing US positions in agricultural markets

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between food security in the Russian Federation and changes in the export competitiveness of domestic agricultural and processing enterprises in the context of the structural restructuring of international commodity flows. The objective of the study is to identify quantitative parameters of the US loss of position in key agricultural markets and demonstrate how this shift is transforming the competitiveness of the Russian agricultural sector. It is found that the US share of global corn exports has declined from 68% to 30%, wheat from 24% to 9%, and soybean exports from 40% to 26% over the past two decades. Meanwhile, Russia increased the physical volume of agricultural exports to 109.2 million tonnes worth $42.6 billion in 2024, achieving 149.4% self-sufficiency in grain, 252% in vegetable oil, and 102% in meat. It was also shown that the reorientation of 90% of Russian agricultural exports to friendly markets in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa occurred almost simultaneously with the 53% collapse of American soybean supplies to China in January-August 2025. The study’s key conclusion: the country’s food security and its export expansion are not antagonistic, but rather form an interconnected framework for economic stability, in which domestic self-sufficiency creates the preconditions for increasing the supply of value-added products. Its share of Russian agricultural exports in 2025 was 48%.