Turkish Adaptation of the Rugged Resilience Measure: A Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to adapt the Rugged Resilience Measure (RRM), developed to assess resilience through internal psychological resources in line with contemporary socio-ecological approaches, into Turkish and to examine its validity and reliability. Method: The study was conducted with an adult sample within an acculturation context. Construct validity was examined using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Criterion-related validity was evaluated by examining the associations between RRM scores and measures of life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the original one-factor structure of the Turkish version of the RRM and indicated an acceptable model fit (χ²/df = 2.554, CFI = .944, RMSEA = .063, SRMR = .043). Measurement invariance was supported across gender and cultural background groups. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .88). In addition, RRM scores were positively and moderately associated with life satisfaction (r = .34, p < .001) and psychological well-being (r = .60, p < .001). Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Rugged Resilience Measure (RRM) is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing individual resilience based on internal psychological resources. The findings indicate that the scale consistently measures the internal component of resilience in culturally diverse contexts.